> ## Content Index > Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further. # The Rota: Five Stages Out of Edo, at Takaido - URL: https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/tokyo-takaido-eng/ - Published: 2026-11-04T03:57:52.000Z - Updated: 2026-11-04T04:10:07.000Z - Description: Discover the hidden history of Takaido, Suginami Ward, through five stories covering the Kōshū Dōchū post station, local temple folklore, river changes, and the Tokyo Garbage War in this slow historical walking guide. - Author: Lawrence [Tokyo Historical Travel Stories: Castles, Old Towns & LegendsExplore Tokyo through historical travel stories and guides. Discover castles, old towns, rivers and local legends across the country.![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/icon/Gemini_Generated_Image_gpc0phgpc0phgpc0---Edited-66146942-e969-49d9-9a5e-6d86f4788f6a.png)Historical Travel StoriesLawrence![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/thumbnail/Gemini_Generated_Image_6yc0s16yc0s16yc0-4f767f42-1aaf-4918-95ee-9db8c55e899b.png)](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/tokyo-dong-jing/) > *Historical Travel Stories · Takaido (高井戸), Suginami Ward, Tokyo · English edition* 🗺️ Welcome to Historical Travel Stories. Forget superficial sightseeing itineraries; we offer in-depth geo-historical explorations grounded in official records (verified via a four-tier research process) and complemented by short videos. Every day, we reveal a hidden urban gem—a secret spot unknown even to the locals—completely free of charge. 💡 Join a community of discerning travelers. Simply enter your email to instantly unlock audio guides and one-day itineraries, and carry our exclusive historical walking maps with you on your journey. > This is a historical travel story and walking guide to Takaido in Suginami Ward, Tokyo. Through five surprising histories, it explores the old Kōshū Dōchū post town, mountain ascetic traditions, Kanda River water management, and the modern "Tokyo Garbage War." It takes readers on a slow walking journey to rediscover the heavy yet fascinating layers beneath this urban neighborhood. There is a foot bath in [Takaido](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/tokyo-takaido/), in the west of [Tokyo](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/tokyo-dong-jing/), where you can take your shoes off and sit with your feet in water that has been warmed by burning the city’s rubbish. It belongs to the Suginami Cleaning Plant. Beside it stands a museum devoted to the war the neighbourhood once fought to keep the plant out, a war in which, according to the ward, the alarm was raised by beating tin cans. An English visitor might be tempted to smile. The ward’s own account is sober, and the sobriety is the interesting part: this is a place that tells you quite plainly how it came to be where it is. Most of Takaido has to be coaxed into doing the same. The coaxing starts about sixteen kilometres from the old centre of Edo, at a milestone that is no longer there. [🎧 Listen to an exclusive conversational audio guide: To cater to travelers of different linguistic backgrounds, Lawrence has recorded in-depth audio tours—available on Spotify or Apple Podcast in ENGLISH✅. We invite you to listen and read along as you step back into history. Subscribe to unlock access ☘️](#/portal/signup/free) ## First Stage: The Milestone That Went Under Everyone who has read about English coaching roads knows the arithmetic. A road is measured in stages; a stage is the distance a team can be driven before it needs changing; and at the end of each stage a small economy of ostlers, innkeepers and farriers springs up. Japan’s Edo-period highways worked on the same principle, and the Kōshū Dōchū, which ran west from Nihonbashi through Takaido, Fuchū and Hachiōji to Kōfu and on towards Shinano, was one of the five that the Tokugawa shogunate kept in order. Its users included the lords of the Takashima, Takatō and Iida domains, the shogunate’s garrison officers in Kōfu, and the officials who passed between them. For a long time the first stage out of Edo was Takaido, four *ri* from Nihonbashi. The ward’s milestone notice, which stands in Shimo-Takaido (下高井戸) beside the old road, says that the milestone mound there was five *ken* square, about three metres high, and planted with a hackberry, so that travellers could work out how far they had come and what to pay. It also says, in its last line, where the mound is now: ahead of the notice, under the expressway. 0:00 /1:11 1× The 16-Kilometer Blister That Built Shinjuku If the name Shinjuku means anything to you, it is probably neon and tower blocks. It means “new lodging”. Naitō-Shinjuku began as the new post-town placed between Takaido and the city, because, as Shinjuku Ward puts it, the distance to Takaido was a hardship for travellers. Popular histories add that Asakusa merchants petitioned for it, that permission was granted in 1698 and that a licence fee of 5,600 *ryō* was paid; I could not tie those details to anything more solid than popular books. The year it opened is given as 1698 or 1699\. It closed in 1718 and reopened in 1772. What I find most English about Takaido-juku (高井戸宿) is how it was staffed. It was a joint post-station, an *aishuku* (合宿), run by two villages in turns: Shimo-Takaido (Lower) for the first half of each month, Kami-Takaido (Upper) for the second, rather as two parishes might share one vicar. Tradition puts the Upper village’s *honjin*, the official inn for people of rank, on the north side of the road near the modern Kampachi (Ring Road No. 8) junction, and the Lower village’s opposite the temple Kakuzō-ji. Both are “said to be”. I found nothing firmer. **Holographic Sensory Cue.** At the notice you can verify two things for yourself: the elevated road overhead, and the sentence saying the mound lies ahead. The hackberry is what the notice keeps for you in words. (The first is observable; the second is reconstructed from the text.) **Resonance Node.** The milestone notice, Shimo-Takaido 1-41-12. ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/2026/11/1-1.jpg) ## Second Stage: The Buddha Who Changed Addresses Sōgen-ji (宗源寺), a Nichiren temple in Shimo-Takaido, was founded in the early Keichō era (about 1596–1614) by a priest called Nissen, according to a monument inscription written by the geographer Shiga Shigetaka (志賀重昂). Shiga was a parishioner. He wrote *Nihon Fūkei-ron* (1894), a book that tried to teach Japanese readers how to look at their own country’s hills and rivers, and he is buried in the temple. The temple also has a hall of Fudō, the immovable wisdom king, that did not start life there. It belonged to Honkaku-in, a neighbouring temple of the Shugendō tradition, the mountain-ascetic religion whose practitioners, *yamabushi*, trained in the hills and worked rites in the villages. In 1872 Honkaku-in was closed, in the same year the state abolished the Shugendō sect altogether; its practitioners became Shinto officiants or Buddhist priests, or went home to farm. The Fudō hall was moved to Sōgen-ji in 1911 and rebuilt in 1967. The hall has a place-name legend attached to it. It is said to have stood on high ground and to have been called Takai-dō, “the high hall”, which some take as the origin of “Takaido”. The ward’s phrasing is merely “it is also said”, and I found no reliable source to confirm it. Call it a tradition. 0:00 /1:17 1× The Shrine Saved By A Bureaucratic Loophole The story continues a short walk away in Takaido-nishi, at Kisshō-in (吉祥院). In 1875 an ascetic of Kami-Takaido, Namiki Takuzen (並木卓善), devoted to Fudō, formed a lay confraternity and wanted a temple for it. New temples were not permitted. So an existing one was brought in: Kisshō-in of Yanaka, a Tendai temple in the old city, under its second abbot Enomoto Kōkyō (榎本晃恭), moved to Takaido in 1883 after consultation with its parishioners. The main hall is a Jigen-dō granted in the Edo period by Kan’ei-ji at Ueno and re-erected here from Yanaka; on the mound in front stand the Five Great Wisdom Kings, the Thirty-six Attendants, the Eight Great Attendants and other Fudō images. Set the dates side by side. 1872: a practice forbidden. 1875: a confraternity formed. 1883: a temple from the city takes the images in. The English reader’s mind goes, loosely, to the Reformation and the old devotions that survived it under other names and in other buildings. The parallel is very loose and only mine, and so is the reading of the ward’s two notices side by side; nothing in the sources says that this is what happened. **Holographic Sensory Cue.** The ward’s notice describes the images set out one after another on the mound at Kisshō-in. You can count them yourself. **Resonance Node.** The Fudō hall at Sōgen-ji, and the Jigen-dō and mound at Kisshō-in. ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/2026/11/2-1.jpg) ## Third Stage: A Painted Shower Takaido was once timber and vegetable country. Its cedar, *Takaido maruta* (also *Yotsuya maruta*), was cut as peeled poles, and the ward’s histories praise it as supple, first-rate rod timber. From the middle of the Meiji period the villages of Upper and Lower Takaido were known for the *Takaido fushinari* cucumber, which sets fruit at every node, a speciality that lasted until about the middle of the Shōwa era. The railway came first. In 1913 the Keiō Electric Tramway opened through the district with Kami-Takaido station (now Roka-kōen) and Matsuzawa (now Hachimanyama). Then came the post-war recession after the First World War, and in 1923 the Great Kantō Earthquake. The ward says that after the quake the area turned quickly to housing, and the cedar woods vanished. English readers may think of Metroland, the commuter suburbs that rolled out north-west of London behind the Metropolitan Railway; the comparison is mine. 0:00 /1:30 1× The Earthquake That Paved A Forest The Suginami Local Museum has chosen as its emblem a Taishō-era painting by Takahashi Shōtei (高橋松亭), *Takaido no Yūdachi*, “Evening Shower at Takaido”. The museum is candid about it: this is not a view of any one place but an image of Takaido painted from memory. By the Taishō period, in other words, somebody was already painting the Takaido that was going. **Holographic Sensory Cue.** A cedar pole flexes in the hand, which is why the records call it good rod timber. (The wood’s property is documented; the feel in your hand is reconstructed.) **Resonance Node.** Remaining farmland and farm stands in Kami-Takaido (exact places to be confirmed on the ground), and, outside Takaido, the museum’s painting in Ōmiya 1-chōme. ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/2026/11/3-1.jpg) ## Fourth Stage: An Almshouse the Earthquake Built The English word that comes to mind is *almshouse*, and it does not quite fit, which is useful. After the earthquake of 1 September 1923, a Home Ministry survey in September 1924 counted 654 people needing relief, of whom 586 were sixty or older. (The Home Ministry is roughly the Home Office, with a rather longer reach.) The first idea was to entrust them to the Dōjunkai, the foundation formed for post-earthquake housing; a draft of 16 July 1924 was shelved, and on 23 September the ministry opted for a new foundation. Yokufūkai (浴風会) was established on 15 January 1925\. Its founder and its licensing authority were the same man, Home Minister Wakatsuki Reijirō (若槻禮次郎). It started with two million yen: 500,000 from an imperial gift and 1.5 million from donations. The site was at Kami-Takaido 848, about 27,000 *tsubo* (another source says 28,000), bought on 24 September 1925\. I found no official statement of why Takaido; one popular source says merely that the land was big. The building is credited to Uchida Yoshikazu (内田祥三), with the young Toki Tatsuto (土岐達人) doing the drawing. Completed in 1926, it is reinforced concrete, two storeys with a part-third, and the first residents moved in on 1 February 1927. 0:00 /1:33 1× Tokyo S Stolen Earthquake Sanctuary The first residents were not mostly from the earthquake shelters; only a few were. Later managers wrote that Yokufū-en was not a relief institution, and took only people judged suitable. A scholar reads in the foundation the Home Ministry’s social thinking, from family to neighbours to locality and only then to the state. That is her interpretation, not regulation. From September 1942 the army leased the east wing to its Central Communications Investigation Unit, and by July 1945 almost every building was in military use; some of the elderly were evacuated to Urawa and Tochigi. According to an account printed in the foundation’s own newsletter, a former cadet recalled that the unit did code-breaking, and that the site was left white on an American map as a no-bomb area. Readers will think of Bletchley Park; the scale and the evidence are not comparable, and this is one man’s testimony, unverified. Yokufūkai was not bombed. The reason is unknown. After the surrender the buildings came back damaged, and the foundation’s South Manchuria Railway shares had become waste paper. So a fire-resistant building raised for the elderly survivors of one catastrophe became a secret office, and they were moved away. It came through two disasters and changed its purpose twice. Today the main building is a Tokyo Metropolitan selected historic building (No. 37), the grounds’ greenery is protected woodland under the ward, and it is still a working care home. **Holographic Sensory Cue.** The trees are protected, which is on the record; beneath them, on 1 February 1927, the first residents walked in. (The second half is reconstructed.) **Resonance Node.** The Yokufūkai main building, Takaido-nishi 1-chōme. (The earthquake that planted the home also, in the ward’s account, helped clear the cedars; that pairing is this article’s.) ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/2026/11/4-1.jpg) ## Fifth Stage: Nine Years, Many Tin Cans On 14 November 1966 the residents of Takaido learnt from a leaflet inserted into their newspapers that the Tokyo Metropolitan Government meant to build the Suginami Cleaning Plant there. There had been no consultation. Five days later an opposition league existed; within a week it had about 20,000 signatures. Expropriation began in August 1968, and in October, when the Metropolitan surveyors turned up, the residents blocked them. According to the ward’s account they kept a lookout on the tower of a golf driving range and beat tin cans to call the neighbours. The quarrel was not only Takaido’s. Most of Tokyo’s waste went to Kōtō Ward. On 28 September 1971 Governor Minobe Ryōkichi (美濃部亮吉) declared the Tokyo Garbage War; on 22 December 1972 Kōtō stopped Suginami’s refuse lorries coming in, and did it again on 22 May 1973\. Readers of a certain age may recall the uncollected rubbish of the winter of 1978–79 in Britain; the comparison is mine and holds only on one point, how quickly the unspoken arrangements for waste become visible when they fail. 0:00 /1:21 1× Nine Years Of Tin Cans On 26 February 1972 there was a memorandum: no forced expropriation. On 23 May 1973 the Metropolis resolved again to build at Takaido. On 25 November 1974 the Tokyo District Court proposed a settlement, and nine years of confrontation ended. Building began in 1979; the first plant was finished in 1982 with its delivery road under Kampachi; full operation began on 1 January 1983, and the Takaido Citizens’ Centre opened on 1 April. The plant was rebuilt and reopened in 2017, with the Tokyo Garbage War History and Future Museum and the foot bath inside. English has a shorthand, NIMBY, that flattens all this, and it is worth resisting. The residents of Takaido fought for nine years and ended in a court-recommended settlement; there is now a statue of a child in the citizens’ centre. But it is the ward’s account. The people of Kōtō, who carried the heaviest load in those years, have a memory of their own that I have not been able to check in their own sources. **Holographic Sensory Cue.** The warmth of the foot bath comes from burning refuse; that is the ward’s own description. What it feels like to sit down is yours to find out. **Resonance Node.** The Suginami Cleaning Plant and its museum. ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/2026/11/5-1.jpg) ## Takaido Today You will not find Takaido’s history by looking for it. The mound is under the expressway, houses have replaced the cedars, and the old people’s home and the refuse plant are both still working. What remains is a notice, two temples, a building of 1926 and a plant in daily use. The notice says the mound lies ahead. It stands where it stands, pointing at a place nobody can see. In the first half of each month it was Lower Takaido’s turn; in the second, Upper’s. ## Notes and Queries In the antiquarian manner, a list of what I could not settle: the year Naitō-Shinjuku opened (1698 or 1699) and the petitioners’ names and numbers; the exact sites of the two *honjin*; the month of Shiga’s death and the arrangements of his burial; the origin of the Takaido cucumber; why Takaido was chosen for Yokufūkai; the “blank on the map” anecdote; and the Kōtō side of the Garbage War. ## Sign up to unlock: One day Ititenary, conversational broadcasting ... Subscribe Email sent! Check your inbox to complete your signup. No spam, and you can unsubscribe at any time. ## Accessing the Physical Node - **Milestone notice:** Shimo-Takaido 1-41-12, Suginami, beside the Kōshū Kaidō; outdoors, always visible. - **Sōgen-ji:** Shimo-Takaido 4-2-3\. **Kisshō-in:** Takaido-nishi 1-5-44\. Both are working temples; visit as you would any place of worship. - **Yokufūkai main building:** Takaido-nishi 1-12-1\. A working care home; I could not confirm whether the grounds are open to visitors, so enquire first and respect residents. - **Suginami Cleaning Plant and Garbage War Museum:** Takaido-higashi 3-7-6 (〒168-0072). According to the ward (page updated 15 March 2026), open 9:00–16:00, closed Sundays and the year-end holidays; no access by car or motorbike. Check the website for the foot bath’s hours and closures. - **Suginami Local Museum** (Ōmiya 1-20-8): a reconstructed model of Kami-Takaido-juku and the emblem painting. Check current exhibits and admission. - **Stations:** Takaido on the Keiō Inokashira Line; Shimo-Takaido on the Keiō Line and Tōkyū Setagaya Line. I have not checked walking times between points; use a map. ### 🇺🇸 US Reader Resources Recommended for US travelers: **Expedia**, **Booking.com**, and **Viator**. ### 🇬🇧 UK Reader Essentials Ad: Trusted for UK travelers: **Tripadvisor**, **GetYourGuide**, and **Saily**. ### 🗺️ Prepara tu viaje Plataformas recomendadas: **Civitatis**, **Booking.com** y **Holafly**. ### 🗺️ Préparez votre voyage Mes outils préférés : **GetYourGuide**, **Booking.com** et **Saily**. ### 🗺️ 旅行の準備に役立つツール 【PR】おすすめのツール：**Klook**, **Booking.com**, **Ubigi**. ### 🇭🇰 香港讀者專屬工具 推介使用：**Klook**, **Agoda** 和 **Airalo**。 ### 🇹🇼 台灣讀者推薦工具 【揭露】在地首選：**KKday**, **Agoda** 和 **Ubigi**。 ### 🗺️ Travel Essentials I use **Booking.com** and **GetYourGuide** for my global adventures. --- ## 💡Q&A **Q1 | How did Takaido-juku function on the Kōshū Dōchū highway, and why did Naitō-Shinjuku replace its role as the first post-town? (Kōshū Dōchū Highway & Aishuku System)** **Answer:** Documented historical records show that Takaido-juku originally served as the first post-town (*shukuba*) out of Edo on the Kōshū Dōchū highway, located four *ri* (approximately 16 kilometers) from Nihonbashi. Because this distance proved overly taxing for travellers, the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of Naitō-Shinjuku closer to the city around 1698–1699, demoting Takaido to the second stage. Takaido-juku operated as an *aishuku* (joint post-station), where the villages of Kami-Takaido and Shimo-Takaido alternated management half-monthly to split the administrative and transport burdens. **Q2 | Is the place-name of Takaido historically derived from the Fudō Hall at Sōgen-ji temple? (Takaido Etymology Myth vs Documented Shugendō History)** **Answer:** Local oral tradition suggests that Takaido derived its name from a high-elevation hall called "Takai-dō," associated with the Fudō deity. However, archival evidence and official historical assessments treat this as unconfirmed folklore rather than verified fact. The Fudō Hall originally belonged to Honkaku-in, a Shugendō temple that was abolished following the Meiji government's 1872 decree banning mountain asceticism. The hall was moved to Nichiren-sect temple Sōgen-ji in 1911, leaving no surviving documentary proof directly tying its origins to the etymology of Takaido. **Q3 | How did Kisshō-in temple bypass Meiji-era government restrictions to relocate to Takaido? (Meiji Temple Construction Restrictions & Kisshō-in Relocation)** **Answer:** In 1875, mountain practitioner Namiki Takuzen formed a lay religious association (*Shinsei-kō*) in Kami-Takaido to build a shrine dedicated to Fudō Myōō, but Meiji government laws strictly prohibited building new Buddhist temples. To circumvent this legal restriction, local believers arranged in 1883 to transfer an existing, historic Tendai temple—Kisshō-in—from Yanaka, Tokyo, to Takaido. The present main hall is the Jigan-dō, originally gifted by Kan’ei-ji temple in Ueno during the Edo period and relocated to Takaido during the Meiji transition. --- > Want to follow the historical routes I’ve selected right from your phone as you walk? Click to join the exclusive Google map of historical tours titled "Historical Travel Stories"—import it to Google Maps on your phone with a single tap and let it guide you as you visit each historical site in person. [【Historical Travel Stories】World Deep History Itinerary & Spatial Investigation Map - Google My MapsThis map indexes our boots-on-the-ground historical investigations. Click on any pin to uncover forgotten urban legends, spatial power structures, and deep cultural memory. Unlock full investigations and bilingual audio podcasts by subscribing for free at: lawrencetravelstories.com![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/icon/favicon-001-413dc5e8-474f-43e2-8a23-87ff89ab1c27.ico)Google My Maps![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/thumbnail/thumbnail-df20ba39-9226-47e1-a0dc-44364075c074.jpg)](https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1JE02pBiyLWkOk-bn7mBh2FgUVE8-dIE&usp=sharing&ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) --- #### 📖Reference and Further reading📖 ****First layer – Main sources of literature and institutions:** - \[R1\][ 杉並区: 区の沿革 (Suginami Ward history; 1889 villages, 1932 incorporation)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s113/7392.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R3\][ 杉並区: 京王線沿線まちづくりニュース 第3号 (aishuku system, honjin sites, 高井戸丸太, Keiō 1913)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/documents/6422/keio-machi-03.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R4\][ 杉並区: 甲州道中一里塚跡 (marker text)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s113/7493.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R5\][ 新宿区: 新宿区について (Naitō-Shinjuku founding)](https://www.city.shinjuku.lg.jp/kanko/file02%5F00002.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R9\][ 杉並区: 宗源寺 (marker text)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s113/7497.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R10\][ 杉並区: 吉祥院 (marker text)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s113/7509.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R11a\][ Edo-Tokyo Museum Digital Archives: 修験宗廃止につき太政官布達 (1872)](https://www.edohakuarchives.jp/detail-164875.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R14\][ 東京都都市整備局: 歴史的建造物 (浴風会本館, selection no. 37)](https://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/documents/d/toshiseibi/pdf%5Ftopics%5Fh22%5Fpdf%5Ftopi02%5Fjyosei26?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R16\][ 杉並区: 東京ごみ戦争](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s007/10582.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R17\][ 杉並区: 区の歩み 年表 (1968 expropriation; 1972 Kōtō blockade)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s012/10610.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R18\][ 杉並区: 杉並清掃工場 施設案内 (address, hours, 歴史みらい館)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s104/shisetsu/15115.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R21\][ 杉並区立郷土博物館: 常設展示室 (高橋松亭《高井戸の夕立》)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/histmus/1009072.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R25\][ 杉並区: 指定文化財 有形民俗文化財 (板絵着色西国巡礼図, 長泉寺)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/s113/7575.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R8\] Bibliographic records only (not read):[ 杉並区教育委員会『甲州道中「高井戸宿」』1981, CiNii](https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000797607337856?lang=en&ref=lawrencetravelstories.com);[ 杉並区立郷土博物館『すぎなみの地域史 II 高井戸』2019, NDL](https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/en/books/R100000002-I029711884?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) ****The second layer – secondary academic materials:** - \[R12\][ 岡本多喜子「関東大震災の義捐金処分と浴風会の創設」(Meiji Gakuin; funding, site, staff, wartime)](https://meigaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/474/files/shakaifukushi%5F146%5F23-65.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R13\][ 文京学院大学紀要 (浴風園の沿革; 1925 site decision)](https://www.bgu.ac.jp/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2022/08/kyukiyo11%5F10-131-146.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R11b\][ 林淳「明治五年修験宗廃止令をめぐる一考察」(2002), catalogue record](https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/en/search/search%5Fdetail.jsp?seq=693525&ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) (not read);[ 群馬県: 1872 修験道廃止令の説明](https://www.pref.gunma.jp/uploaded/attachment/147149.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R15\][ Kotobank: 志賀重昂 (biography)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BF%97%E8%B3%80%E9%87%8D%E6%98%82-72410?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R17b\][ 大阪大学リポジトリ: 志賀重昂論 (death date 6 April 1927)](https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/50869/ssla06%5F001.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R18b\][ 国立国会図書館 Kaleido: 志賀重昂 (death March 1927)](https://www.ndl.go.jp/kaleido/entry/18/2.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R6\][ 財務省「ファイナンス」2024年1月号: 新宿区 (opening 1699, abolished 1718, revived 1772)](https://www.mof.go.jp/public%5Frelations/finance/202401/202401m.html?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R7\][ 幻冬舎GOLD ONLINE: 内藤新宿 (1698 petition)](https://gentosha-go.com/articles/-/54749?page=4&ref=lawrencetravelstories.com);[ nippon.com: 内藤新宿と四谷大木戸](https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-topics/c13307/?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R22\][ すぎなみ学倶楽部: 地名資料 (小島郷 speculation)](https://www.suginamigaku.org/photo-his/names%5Fof%5Fplace.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) ****Third layer – Supplementary information:** - \[R20\][ すぎなみ学倶楽部 ダイジェストブック2024 (高井戸丸太, cucumbers, 塚山遺跡)](https://www.suginamigaku.org/docs/suginamigaku%5Fdigest2024.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R2\][ Wikipedia mirror: 高井戸町 (village/town chronology; replace with primary)](https://pedia.3rd-in.co.jp/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%95%E6%88%B8%E7%94%BA?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) - \[R19\][ Student-interview newsletter, Takaido Junior High (Garbage War; unverified site-choice remark)](https://www.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/documents/10586/dezitarushinbun.pdf?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com);[ coki.jp: 浴風会 (site chosen for its size)](https://coki.jp/stakeholder/management/42286/?ref=lawrencetravelstories.com) ### --- [Captivated by this history? Enter your email now to instantly unlock a one-day walking itinerary personally researched by Lawrence. ☘️](#/portal/signup/free) --- 💡 Where is your next destination? [Tokyo Historical Travel Stories: Castles, Old Towns & LegendsExplore Tokyo through historical travel stories and guides. Discover castles, old towns, rivers and local legends across the country.![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/icon/Gemini_Generated_Image_gpc0phgpc0phgpc0---Edited-30a29d0e-23ba-4673-ac0c-17e74f682f75.png)Historical Travel StoriesLawrence![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/thumbnail/Gemini_Generated_Image_6yc0s16yc0s16yc0-210994fd-5bb8-40db-9d5c-f8a9d709c260.png)](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/tokyo-dong-jing/) [Japan Historical Travel Stories: Castles, Old Towns & LegendsExplore Japan through historical travel stories and guides. Discover castles, old towns, rivers and local legends across the country.![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/icon/Gemini_Generated_Image_gpc0phgpc0phgpc0---Edited-8f2e0c22-abab-43ec-82dd-253d4bac1166.png)Historical Travel StoriesLawrence![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/thumbnail/photo-1493976040374-85c8e12f0c0e-f8add3e4-31aa-4eb9-9b3a-951937329226.jpg)](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/japanri-ben/) [Where to Go: Historical Travel in Japan, Hong Kong & TaiwanDiscover where to go for historical travel. Explore stories and guides from Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan, more destinations like the UK and Korea coming soon.![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/icon/Gemini_Generated_Image_gpc0phgpc0phgpc0---Edited-63a47c07-a971-441d-8f7d-03a8535cca55.png)Historical Travel StoriesLawrence![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/f6/5d/f65d15e6-b5c3-4e06-9142-bd894389f4bd/content/images/thumbnail/LOGO-WITHOUT-BACKGROUND-1-bd5fc80b-649e-4568-acec-04c3cf596fe9.png)](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/where-to-go-xiang-qu-na-li/) --- *©* [*Historical Travel Stories*](https://www.lawrencetravelstories.com/)